Ngā rōpū whakapāpā ki ngā putanga mātauranga, putanga mahi mehameha

Groups that experience poor education and employment outcomes

Over-representation in some groups

In Auckland some groups are over-represented among those with poor education and employment outcomes, including:

young people (aged 15-24)
Māori
Pacific people
disabled people
women [ see note 1]
long-term unemployed
underemployed [see note 2]
those with low formal educational attainment.

Table 1: Groups with lowest levels of participation in employment in New Zealand in 2015 [see note 3]

Group	Employment participation
Women	Higher rates of unemployment and underemployment Lower rates of labour force participation than men
Young Māori women aged 15 to 24	Unemployment rate of 24 per cent
Young Pacific women aged 15 to 24	Unemployment rate of 31 per cent
Māori	High unemployment rate at 13 per cent (compared to 6 per cent of all people) Lower rates of labour force participation at 66 per cent (compared to 68 per cent of all people)
Pacific people	High unemployment rate at 13 per cent Lowest labour force participation rate of all ethnicities at 61 per cent
Disabled women	46 per cent participation in the labour force (compared with 54 per cent of disabled men)

Youth unemployment

The unemployment rate of young people in Auckland has been higher than that of other age groups for some time.

Source: Stats NZ, Household Labour Force Survey

In 2015, the employment situation for youth was beginning to improve from the peak of unemployment rates after the Global Financial Crisis, but these rates have not yet recovered as much as for other age groups.

Table 2: Auckland youth with the highest unemployment rates in 2013

Group	Unemployment status [see note 4]
Māori youth aged 20 to 24	23 per cent (compared with 15.2 per cent unemployment rate overall)
Pacific youth aged 20 to 24	25 per cent (compared with 15.2 per cent unemployment rate overall)

Note: Data on youth unemployment and NEET taken from a report into children and young people prepared by Auckland Council on the Knowledge Auckland website (PDF 2.9MB).

Auckland youth who are not in education, employment or training (NEET)

For young people, unemployment is only a part of their story. Young people aged 15 to 19 tend to be completing secondary school qualifications and beginning tertiary study or training. Those who are seeking work at this age are unlikely to have qualifications, skills or much work experience, contributing to these relatively high unemployment levels and low labour force participation rates (Auckland Council, 2017).

Therefore, to better understand young people's employment outcomes, data is collected on young people who are not in education, employment or training (NEET).

The NEET rate is designed to capture a wider understanding of the proportion of young people who are excluded and/or disengaged from both work and education, than standard measures for adults such as unemployment. Young people aged 15-24 who are NEET tend to take a longer time to find employment and have difficulty maintaining employment.

Table 3: Auckland youth with the highest not in education, employment or training (NEET) rates in 2015

Group	NEET status
Māori youth aged 20 to 24	26 per cent (compared to 13.4 per cent overall)
Pacific youth aged 20 to 24	27 per cent (compared to 13.4 per cent overall)

Data source: Stats NZ, Household Labour Force Survey.

Note: These figures need to be read with caution as there is a relatively high sampling error associated with estimating NEET rates by ethnicity and age, due to small sample sizes.

Notes

[1] In New Zealand, women experience more underemployment and unemployment than men. Women also earn less than men. There are a number of different factors that contribute to this including: historical discrimination, attitudes, biases and the amount of time that women have traditionally spent in unpaid caregiving work in the home. For more information on these factors see the Ministry for Women, Gender Pay Gap website. Sourced 31/10/2017

[2] Statistics New Zealand defines underemployment in the Household Labour Force Survey as a person that worked part-time and would have liked to work more hours, and were available to do so. Statistics New Zealand states that there are different types of underemployment such as time-related, skill-related, and income-related inadequate employment and they face similar issues to unemployed people. Find more information see Introducing new measures of underemployment on the Stats NZ website.

[3] Human Rights Commission, Tracking Equality at Work, Sourced 02/11/2017. Data is from New Zealand Household Labour Force Survey, Statistics New Zealand (2015).

[4] The unemployment rate of young people in Auckland is higher than of other age groups, and has been for some time.

References

Auckland Council. (2017). I Am Auckland - the Children and Young People's Strategic Action Plan.